P-waves and S-waves are body waves - they travel through solid rocks. They also occur at hotspots - large subsurface mantle plumes (Examples: Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, Afar).Įarthquakes generate four types of shock waves: P-waves, S-waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves. Most earthquakes occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries, such as subduction zones, mid-ocean ridges, collision zones, and transform plate boundaries. Minor to major quakes after a major event are aftershocks. Minor earthquakes may occur before a major event - such small quakes are called foreshocks. The site at the Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter, is the epicenter. The actual underground location of an earthquake is the hypocenter, or focus. The study of earthquakes is called "seismology". Earthquake activity is called "seismicity". & illustrations at: /significant/mojave.html and /~jstock/Ge136-2012/Memoir195Chapter02.Īn earthquake is a natural shaking or vibrating of the Earth caused by sudden fault movement and a rapid release of energy. The area has many active transform faults (strike-slip faults/transcurrent faults). The Mojave Block is a large, wedge-shaped area bordered by the Garlock Fault Zone to the north and the San Andreas Fault Zone to the south. This earthquake hit just north of the Mojave Block's northern boundary in southern California. The epicenter is at 35° 42' 18" North latitude, 117° 30' 29" West longitude. The United States Geological Survey reports that the earthquake's hypocenter was at about 8.7 kilometers depth. The shock waves first arrived at the seismic station at 11:36 AM, Yellowstone time, three minutes after the quake hit. The prominent noise at the bottom of the graph was caused by shock waves from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake that hit California's Mojave Desert at 10:33 AM local time on 4 July 2019. The station is north-northwest of the West Thumb Geyser Basin. This is the seismogram for the Little Thumb Creek seismic station in Yellowstone, Wyoming.
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